Time: 2024-03-29 16:51:00
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2024年3月28日,刷屏的小米汽车SU7上市。
作为一家具有19年锂电研发生产经验企业的小编,对为小米汽车提供动力的锂电池产生了浓厚的兴趣。毕竟,小编服务的正方科技公司也是以研发生产锂电池为主要业务的公司,同属于新能源领域,对这款汽车搭载的电池略有所知,今天就和大家一起分享。
据悉,小米汽车SU7搭载了101kWh的宁德时代麒麟电池,采用了CTB一体化电池技术。这一电池技术由小米和宁德时代的上千名工程师历时两年完成。直到汽车正式发布,这一秘密才得以揭晓。
在800V超级快充的加持下,小米SU7实现了5分钟220公里,15分钟充电510公里的急速补能。这一技术为用户提供了更加便捷、高效的充电体验,大大减少了充电等待时间和充电桩的需求。
新能源汽车的发展如火如荼,新能源车载电池也引发了很多人的兴趣和关注。可以说,从行业的角度来讲,一款新能源汽车的价值大约40%由电池决定。
那么,新能源汽车的电池分类有哪些?
电池的分类有广义和狭义之分。
广义上,电池可以划分为化学电池、生物电池、物理电池三种,其中化学电池被广泛应用于新能源汽车领域。
狭义上,新能源汽车按电池结构可分为蓄电池及燃料电池两种。
就目前而言,我们在生活中常见的电动汽车基本上都采用的是蓄电池技术,而在这其中,又以磷酸铁锂电池、三元锂电池与镍氢电池为主。
比如比亚迪的刀片电池就是磷酸铁锂电池;特斯拉Model 3不同版本采用了不同的电池,分别是三元锂电池和磷酸铁锂电池;丰田卡罗拉双擎采用了镍氢电池。
(特斯拉Model 3)
新能源汽车电池寿命是多长时间?
一般来讲,影响电池寿命的因素有很多。
比如品控、产品质量等内在因素;使用环境、个人驾驶习惯等外在因素。
所以新能源汽车的电池寿命不能一概而论。
但今天,我们可以聊聊大部分新能源汽车电池的理论寿命。
假设每次都把电量用尽,那充多少次电后电池会报废?
磷酸铁锂电池
虽然各个厂商乃至各种电池都不一样,但目前主流的磷酸铁锂电池,循环充放寿命都可以达到1500-2000次左右。
如果拿一辆续航里程为500公里的新能源汽车来说,磷酸铁锂电池完全充放电可以行驶75万-100万公里左右。
(锂电池的工作原理)
但由于电池里面的活性物质会随着时间的推移逐渐衰减,再加上实际行驶里程肯定会与官方公布的有些出入,所以我们打个8折扣除使用期间的衰减,打个8折扣除官方公布续航里程比实际里程多的部分。
所以,1500-2000次完全充放电可以让电动汽车实际行驶48-64万公里。
按照一年2万公里计算,可以使用24-32年。
三元锂电池
三元锂电池循环充放次数没有磷酸铁锂电池那么多,一般是在1000次左右。
按照上方计算方法,三元锂电池1000次完全充放电,可以让电动汽车实际行驶32万公里,一年行驶2万公里的话,可以使用16年。
更换电池的费用是不是很贵?
看到这,可能会有朋友有疑问:
上面说的毕竟是理论寿命,若是电池在寿命范围内出现问题,是不是要花费高额的维修费用?
对于这个问题,大家不用担心。
我国规定新能源车关键部件(电池、电控、电机)提供不少于8年或12万公里质保,在这个周期内,维修都是完全免费的。
有些车企甚至提供了比这个还长的质保期,比如比亚迪的终身质保。
这个问题,大家也不用过于担心。
因为换电池的时候,一般并不需要整车更换,只需换掉对应的一块或几块故障电池就可以了。(PS:据了解,更换一块电池(工时费)是1000-2000左右。)
再加上随着电池技术的不断突破和提升,电池的成本肯定会下降,更换电池的费用会更低。
作为一家2005年成立一直致力于新能源电池研发,产品范围涵盖低速电动车、可为电动汽车充电的储能电源、无人机电智能新能源电池的企业,无论是磷酸铁锂电池、锂聚合物电池、三元锂电池等领域均有产品研发,可以为这领域的企业定制相应需要的新能源电池。系列产品得到了市场及客户的认可和信任,销售遍及世界各地。
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